Which of the following best explain(s) the rationale for protecting mangrove ecosystems in the context of climate resilience? 1. Mangroves reduce tidal energy and store freshwater, making them ideal sites for paddy cultivation in saline estuarine belts. 2. Their salt-sensitive roots filter seawater, making mangroves key to converting coastal land into freshwater aquaculture zones. 3. By withstanding tidal surges and offering biomass resources, mangroves function both as natural bio-shields and livelihood bases for rural communities. Select the answer using the code given below:
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A hard Environment multiple-choice question from UPSC Prelims 2026. Attempt it above, then check the correct answer and detailed explanation below.
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Correct answer: D. 3 only
Only statement 3 explains the rationale — mangroves absorb tidal surges (natural bio-shields) and provide biomass resources for rural livelihoods. Statements 1 and 2 are wrong — mangroves are salt-tolerant coastal systems, not sites for freshwater paddy or freshwater aquaculture conversion.
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