In the nature, which of the following is/are most likely to be found surviving on a surface without soil? 1. Fern 2. Lichen 3. Moss 4. Mushroom Select the correct answer using the code given below.
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A hard Environment multiple-choice question from UPSC Prelims 2021. Attempt it above, then check the correct answer and detailed explanation below.
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Correct answer: B. 2 only
Lichens are the classic pioneer organisms able to survive on bare rock and other soil-less surfaces, obtaining nutrients from the air and substrate. Ferns, mosses and mushrooms generally need soil or organic substrate.
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