Consider the following statements with reference to the Sagarmala Programme of the Government of India: I. The Sagarmala Programme seeks to achieve port-led economic growth through cost-effective and sustainable coastal infrastructure. II. The success of the Sagarmala Programme is reflected in significant growth in coastal and inland waterway shipping, along with improved global port rankings. III. Sagarmala 2.0 aims to position India as a global maritime innovation hub aligned with Atmanirbhar Bharat and Viksit Bharat 2047 visions. Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct? 1. Statement II validates the effectiveness of the strategies envisioned in statement I. 2. Statement III extends the objectives of statement I by embedding them into a future-oriented innovation framework. 3. Statement I contradicts statement III by focusing only on traditional infrastructure instead of modern innovation. Select the answer using the code given below:
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A hard Geography multiple-choice question from UPSC Prelims 2026. Attempt it above, then check the correct answer and detailed explanation below.
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Correct answer: B. 1 and 2
Relationships 1 and 2 are correct — the growth outcomes (II) validate the port-led strategy (I), and Sagarmala 2.0 (III) extends the original objectives into a future-oriented innovation framework. Relationship 3 is wrong — statement I does not contradict statement III.
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